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A thermometer is a simple but very useful tool. We use it to check body temperature, weather temperature, water temperature, food temperature, and even machine temperature. But have you ever wondered how a thermometer actually measures temperature? A thermometer works by detecting how hot or cold something is. It does this by using materials that … Read more
Have you ever looked at the Moon and noticed that its shape seems to change from one night to another? Sometimes the Moon appears as a bright circle, while at other times it looks like a thin curved line. On some nights, it may not be visible at all. These changing appearances are called the … Read more
Use this lens and ray optics simulator to see how convex and concave lenses form images. Change object distance, focal length, object height, and lens power to connect ray diagrams with cameras, glasses, and magnifying lenses. How to use the lens and ray optics simulator The tool shows the main rays used in school ray … Read more
We see plants growing tall and turning into the trees. However in order for the plants to grow, one of the essential requirements is water. But have you ever wondered how water travels from the ground all the way up to the leaves at the top of a tall plant or a tree? Plants don’t … Read more
The astrolabe is one of the most remarkable scientific instruments from the ancient and medieval world. Before the invention of modern clocks, telescopes, satellites, and GPS systems, people used the astrolabe to study the sky, measure time, locate stars, and understand the movement of the Sun. It was not only a scientific tool but also … Read more
Use this decimal to binary converter to convert base 10 numbers into binary and see the step-by-step division method. You can also convert between binary, decimal, octal, hexadecimal, and other bases. How to use the decimal to binary converter 1 Enter a decimal number Type a whole base 10 number, such as 42, 64, 100, … Read more
Use this Doppler Effect of Sound Simulator to see why an ambulance siren sounds higher as it approaches and lower after it passes an observer. How to use the Doppler effect simulator 1 Move the ambulance Use the position slider or press Start Motion to let the ambulance pass the observer. 2 Change the speed … Read more
Use this interactive vector explorer to learn vectors in 1D, 2D, and 3D. Change vector components, insert a second vector, and watch graphs, formulas, magnitudes, directions, and step-by-step solutions update instantly. How to use the interactive vector explorer 1 Choose 1D, 2D, or 3D Start in 2D for the clearest graph, then try 1D and … Read more
Have you ever watched a bird flap its wings and wondered how it stays in the air? Most airplanes fly with fixed wings and spinning propellers, but birds fly in a very different way. They flap their wings up and down to create lift and push themselves forward. An ornithopter is a flying machine that … Read more
Use this Hooke’s Law spring motion simulator to pull or compress a spring and watch the restoring force, acceleration, period, and energy change in real time. How to use the Hooke’s Law simulator 1 Pull or compress the spring Move the displacement slider left or right. The spring force points back toward the resting position. … Read more